Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 16.7 Comparison of the network compatibility measures
End distribution
network
Regional network
Long-distance
transport network
LPG
conditioning
.
State-of-the-art
.
.
State-of-the-art
.
.
State-of-the-art
.
No particular
requirements on
the network
No particular
requirements on
the network
No particular
requirements on
the network
Not possible in
supply areas with
a heating value
above 12.0 kWh/m
3
Not possible in
supply areas with
a heating value
above 12.0 kWh/m
3
Not possible in
supply areas with
a heating value
above 12.0 kWh/m
3
.
.
.
High operating
costs
High operating
costs
High operating
costs
.
.
.
Computer-
based heating
value
reconstruction
method
Technically
feasible
Technically
feasible
Good to
implement despite
high capital and
administrative
costs
.
.
.
Less economic
viability than in a
regional network
Less economic
viability than in a
long-distance
transport network
.
.
Network
zoning into
districts with
fixed heating
value
Closed-loop
network with
clearly defined
feed-in and
discharge
.
As a rule, requires
only little capital
expenditure
Possible with
limitations
Practically
impossible
.
.
.
Biogas feed-in
as additional
gas
.
Not possible, as a
rule
.
Possible with
limitations
.
Technically easy
due to high base
gas flow
Little expenditure
.
makes LPG conditioning the present state-of-the-art. Widespread imple-
mentation of a REKO system for simplification of biogas feed-in is unlikely
considering the high initial capital cost due to the high demand for
measuring and metering equipment. However, many transport pipelines
with limited feed-in points for biomethane and some regional distribution
gas supply networks already apply a computer-based heating value
reconstruction method.
In some cases, network zoning into districts with fixed heating value is a
valuable solution if biomethane is injected in large quantities and provides
the base load of gas consumption. Network zoning into districts at supply
transport network level is not to be expected.
When compared with gas conditioning using LPG, there are several
alternative methods to ensure the network-compatible feed-in of bio-
methane that are independent of the network level and the network
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