Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 7.4
Energy potential of different agro-industrial by-products
Substrate
Methane yield
m
3
CH
4
ton
1
fresh matter
MJ ton
1
fresh matter
Crop residues
Straw
139-145
5000-5300
Tops and leaves sugar beet
36-38
1300-1400
Animal residues
Pig manure
17-22
620-800
Cow manure
7-14
260-510
Slaughterhouse waste
150
5500
Food residues
Vegetable waste
150-390
5050-12810
Fruit waste
160-710
5100-23170
Industrial effluents
a
Alcohol refining 3.9 140
Beer & malt 1.0 37
Coffee 3.2 114
Dairy products 0.9 34
Fish processing 0.9 32
Meat & poultry 1.4 52
Organic chemicals 1.1 38
Petroleum refineries 0.4 13
Plastics & resins 1.3 47
Pulp & paper (combined) 3.2 114
Starch production 3.5 127
Sugar refining 11.2 406
Vegetables, fruits & juices 1.8 63
Wine & vinegar 0.5 19
a
Industrial output expressed per ton wastewater and calculated following IPCC
Guidelines 2006, Volume 5, Chapter 6.
Sources: Berglund and Borjesson (2006), Gunaseelan (2004), IPCC (1996) and
Lehtomaki (2006).
economic criteria will mean an ever higher contribution of AD technology
to efficient biomass utilization.
The evaluation of the gains in resource efficiency of a cascade by AD
should be performed on a case by case basis going beyond theoretical
estimations into the contextualization of the system. In this way, sustainable
resource use can be seen as the result of the integration of the whole biomass
chain instead of that of a single product performance.
The question remains of whether the contribution of AD is significant
enough to provide sufficient added value to have bioenergy as an option of
interest, fitting with the vision of sustainable development. Trends towards
the triplication of energy use and the 50% increase in global population by
2050 with concomitant energy-intensive consumption patterns are expected
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