Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 7.3
Main assumptions employed for the presented energy calculations
Unit
Bioethanol
from
sugarcane
Bioethanol
from
panelacane
Bioethanol
from
cassava
Biodiesel
from oil
palm
GJ ha
1
yr
1
Energy use for
biomass
production
9.5
5.5
9.2
16.0
GJ ha
1
yr
1
Farming
3
1.7
3
2.2
GJ ha
1
yr
1
Fertilizer
4.6
2.7
4.1
13.1
Other inputs
a
GJ ha
1
yr
1
1.9
1.1
2.4
0.7
GJ ton biofuel
1
Energy use for
industrial
processing
6.9
6.9
11.1
13.9
GJ ton biofuel
1
Electricity
1.5
1.5
1.8
0.4
GJ ton biofuel
1
Thermal
5.2
5.2
9.3
9.3
Other inputs
b
GJ ton biofuel
1
0.25
0.25
0.25
4.2
GJ ha
1
yr
1
Biofuel
productivity
189.1
109.2
93.8
157.9
By-product
output
Green
biomass
d
ton ton
1
agric product
0.33 (70%)
c
0.33 (70%) 4.3 (70%)
0.54 (70%)
ton ton biofuel
1
19.1 (80%) 19.1 (80%) 17.5 (90%) 2.5 (90%)
Vinasse/
POME
e
ton ton biofuel
1
5.1 (50%)
Bagasse/Fb +
EFB + PKC
f
5.1 (50%)
3.1 (50%)
3.3 (50%)
ton ton biofuel
1
—
Glycerine
—
—
0.10 (90%)
a
Considers only pesticides.
b
Energy in additives.
c
In parenthesis assumed
anaerobic digestibility.
d
Green biomass corresponds to trash in sugarcane,
leaves and stalks in cassava and leaves in oil palm.
e
POME = palm oil mill
effluent.
f
EFB = empty fruit bunches; PKC = palm kernel cake.
Source: van Haandel (2005) and Brehmer (2008).
¦
7.6
Distribution of energy flows among energy inputs, products and
by-products of alternative cascades based on Colombian biofuel
commodities with and without anaerobic recovery of the by-products
(cascade types according to Table 7.2).
by-prod AD
, energy from the
residues remaining in the digestate; E
input AD
, energy input AD unit;
E
output AD
, energy output AD unit; E
input ind
, energy input for industrial
production; E
input biom
, energy input for biomass production;
E
by-prod ind prod
, energy in industrial product exported from the system;
E
by-product biom prod
, energy in biomass by-products exported from the
system; E
ind product
, energy in industrial product exported from the
system;
E
biom product
, energy in biomass products exported from
the system.
E
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