Biology Reference
In-Depth Information
10
8
6
4
2
0
As Solitary Foundress
In Foundress Pairs
Figure 2.6.
Pogonomyrmex barbatus
queens were tested as solitary nesters for
their activity rates when they engaged in excavation behavior and were rated as
high-frequency (black bars) or low-frequency (open bars) excavators.
Low-frequency excavators decreased their excavating when they were forced to
found nests with high-frequency excavators while high-frequency excavators
increased their excavating. h us their behavior inl uenced each other and
amplii ed the dif erence. From Fewell and Page 1999, “h e emergence of labor in
forced associations of normally solitary ant queens,”
Evolutionary Ecology
Research
1:537-548, Fig. 3.
labor. As shown by the network model, some social organization
emerges just from the structure and functional elements of the system,
in this case the proximity of individuals, the dif erences in response
thresholds, and the ef ect of the response behavior on the stimulus.
More complex social systems evolve by adjusting
N, K,
and
{F}.
2.4 Adaptive Fine Tuning of Division of Labor
A division of labor among cohabiting individuals is an inescapable
property of group living and the stimulus-response basis of behavior.
