Biology Reference
In-Depth Information
Stored
Pollen
Pollen Intake
Larvae
+
−
Resource Availability
5% - 8%
Nest Stimulus
Environment
Loading Algorithms
8% - 25%
Sensory Response
Resource
Stimulus
Environment
12%
Vitellogenin
7%
Ovary
40%
Genotype
Figure 9.3.
h e regulatory architecture of pollen hoarding. h e percentage
explained between levels, when known, is shown next to each arrow. Arrows
show directionality of relationships between components. h e box on the right
shows relationships “inside” foragers. Reprinted from
Hormones, Brain and
Behavior,
2nd edition, Vol. 2. Amdam GV, Ihle DE, Page RE, “Regulation of
Honeybee Worker (
Apis mellifera
) Life Histories by Vitellogenin,” in: Donald W.
Pfaf , Arthur P. Arnold, Anne M. Etgen, Susan E. Fahrbach and Robert T. Rubin,
editors. San Diego: Academic Press, 1003-1025, Fig. 7 (2009), with permission
from Elsevier.
a positive stimulus. For any given amount of larvae in a colony, stored
pollen is the regulatory target of the foragers. Each forager has its own
target, which is based in part on its genotype. h ere is no single target
for the colony. h e resulting amount of stored pollen is a consequence
of the distribution of targets for all foragers, the consumption rate, and
the availability of pollen in the i eld. Individual foragers will continue
to collect pollen until the amount stored exceeds the targets of all indi-
viduals. However, an equilibrium will be reached at the colony level
where those that continue to forage for pollen or bias their loads toward
