Biology Reference
In-Depth Information
Colony
Level 3
Olfactory
Learning
Tactile
Learning
Locomotor
Activity
Reproduction
Foraging
Specialization
Life
Span
Ovary Size
Level 2
Foraging
Onset
Nectar
Concentration
Visual
Response
Gustatory
Response
aff2
wos1
aff4
wos2
Level 1
pin3
wos3
wos4
pin1
aff3
wos5
pin4
pin2
Figure 6.5.
h e complex network of mapped QTL and phenotypic traits. h e levels
shown are gene (QTL), individual (Level 2), and colony (Level 3). Dashed arrows show
ef ects between levels. Solid arrows show within-level interactions (Level 1) and
associations (Level 2). QTL traits are pln = pollen-hoarding QTL, wos = worker ovary
size (number of ovarioles) QTL, and af = age of i rst foraging (foraging onset) QTL, the
same as foraging ontogeny. Phenotype traits: gustatory response is sucrose
responsiveness; ovary size is ovariole number.
