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aqueous NF [119, 166], gas separations [167, 168], and selective vapor rejec-
tion [169, 170], have recently been realized.
6.1
Aqueous Nanofiltration
The first example of a functional LLC membrane separation was reported
in 2005 [166]. A three-tailed, wedge-shaped, photopolymerizable LLC ex-
hibiting the H
II
structure was employed to selectively filter anionic dye
molecules from aqueous solution when supported as a thin film on a com-
mercial ultraporous polysulfone (PSf) membrane support (Fig. 21). For in-
creasingly larger solutes, the rejection of the dyes through the LLC pores
became quantitative as the molecular diameter approached that of the cylin-
drical nanochannels. Furthermore, neutral, monodisperse PEG chains could
be filtered with the same trends in rejection. These LLC membranes outper-
formed a commercially available NF membrane in rejection of the charged
dyes, and significantly outperformed the same NF membrane in rejection
Fig. 21
Molecular size-selective aqueous NF using a supported LLC membrane with
a cross-linked H
II
phase top-layer. Partially reproduced with permission from [166].
©
2005 by Wiley-VCH
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