Feature extraction by shape matching - Feature Extraction and Image Processing - page 214

a fuzzy membership function. There have been two major reviews of the state of research
in the HT (Illingworth, 1988), (Leavers, 1993) and a textbook (Leavers, 1992) which cover
many of these topics. The analytic approaches to improving the HTs performance use
mathematical analysis to reduce size, and more importantly dimensionality, of the accumulator
space. This concurrently improves speed. A review of HT-based techniques for circle
extraction (Yuen, 1990) covered some of the most popular techniques available at the time.

5.7 Further reading

The majority of further reading in finding shapes concerns papers, many of which have
already been referenced. An excellent survey of the techniques used for feature extraction
(including template matching, deformable templates etc.) can be found in (Trier, 1996).
Few of the textbooks devote much space to shape extraction. One text alone is dedicated
to shape analysis (Van Otterloo, 1991) and contains many discussions on symmetry. For
implementation, (Parker, 1994) only includes C code for template matching and for the HT
for lines, but no more. Other techniques use a similar evidence gathering process to the HT.
These techniques are referred to as Geometric Hashing and Clustering Techniques (Lamdan,
1988), (Stockman, 1987). In contrast with the HT, these techniques do not define an
analytic mapping, but they gather evidence by grouping a set of features computed from
the image and from the model.

5.8 References

Aguado, A. S., Primitive Extraction via Gathering Evidence of Global Parameterised
Models , PhD Thesis, University of Southampton, 1996
Aguado, A. S., Montiel, E. and Nixon, M. S., On Using Directional Information for Parameter
Space Decomposition in Ellipse Detection, Pattern Recognition , 28 (3), pp. 369-381,
1996
Aguado, A. S., Nixon, M. S. and Montiel, M. E., Parameterising Arbitrary Shapes via
Fourier Descriptors for Evidence-Gathering Extraction, Computer Vision and Image
Understanding , 69 (2), pp. 202-221, 1998
Aguado, A. S., Montiel, E. and Nixon, M. S., On the Intimate Relationship Between the
Principle of Duality and the Hough Transform, Proceedings of the Royal Society A , 456 ,
pp. 503-526, 2000
Aguado, A. S., Montiel, E. and Nixon, M. S., Bias Error Analysis of the Generalised
Hough Transform, Journal of Mathematical Imaging and Vision , 12 , pp. 25-42, 2000
Altman, J. and Reitbock, H. J. P., A Fast Correlation Method for Scale- and Translation-
Invariant Pattern Recognition, IEEE Trans. on PAMI , 6 (1), pp. 46-57, 1984
Ballard, D. H., Generalising the Hough Transform to Find Arbitrary Shapes, CVGIP , 13 ,
pp. 111-122, 1981
Bracewell, R. N., The Fourier Transform and its Applications , 2nd Edition, McGraw-Hill
Book Co., Singapore, 1986
Bresenham, J. E., Algorithm for Computer Control of a Digital Plotter, IBM Systems
Journal , 4 (1), pp. 25-30, 1965
Bresenham, J. E., A Linear Algorithm for Incremental Digital Display of Circular Arcs,
Comms. of the ACM , 20 (2), pp. 750-752, 1977