Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
synthetic materials. With increasing health consciousness and concern for
environment, organic farming system has been drawing attention all over
the world. As a result, there is widespread organic movement. Demand
for organic products, especially in developed countries, has been increas-
ing by leaps and bounds. Major components of organic farming are crop
rotation, maintenance, enhancement of soil fertility through biological ni-
trogen fixation, addition of organic manures and use of soil microorgan-
isms. Vermiculture has become a major component in biological farming,
which is found to be effective in enhancing the soil fertility and producing
large number of horticultural crops in a sustainable manner. Earthworks
are also found useful for recycling the farm wastes and household wastes.
In India, the old farming system largely was organic wherein crop rotation,
choice of cultivars for the region, utilization of solar radiation for soil ster-
ilization, etc. were used and soil fertility was maintained through organic
manure. However, in quest for increasing the productivity, fertilizers and
pesticides were used. Over use of fertilizers and chemicals have put forth
a question mark on the sustainability of agri-horticulture in long run and
it is calling attention for sustainable production to address social, ecologi-
cal, and economical issues together. Northeastern Region, tribal areas, and
hills have very low use of fertilizers and pesticides. This weakness of the
regions can be converted into strength, especially for growing of organic
produce. Organic farming would, not only provide hygienic horticultural
produce but its impact on sustainability of agriculture would be reward-
ing. Therefore, it is essential that the organic movement be also given a
focused attention, through integration of efforts made on scientific line to
achieve sustainable production.
1.5
RESEARCH STRATEGIES
A lot of development to minimize the risk of climate change has taken
place during the past decade. However, there are some researchable issues
in relation to climate change for horticultural crops. Some of the issues
need focused planning to generate information to adopt /mitigate the ad-
verse effect of climate change.
 
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