Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
humidity, and wind speed had positive correlations. Diedhiou et al. (2007)
found that fruits harvested during humid conditions were more heavily
infested but a smaller number of fungal agents were involved; Colletot-
richum gloeosporioides and Phoma mangiferae played the main role. In
mango and guava, it has been observed that the incidence of fruit fly is
much less at higher temperature regimes. However, a study conducted in
India by Kumar et al. (2010) has shown that in mango cv. Chausa the rate
of development of fruit fly increased with the increase in temperature from
20-35°C. The percent larval survival, adult emergence, and growth index
also increased with an increase in temperature from 20 to 27°C and there-
after decreased up to 35°C. Thus, a temperature of 27°C was found to be
ideal for survival and development of the immature stage and reproduction
of Bractocera dorsalis . Post-harvest treatment of fruits at 48°C for 60-75
min has given good control of fruit flies (Verghese et al., 2002).
Downy mildew is found worldwide wherever grape is grown, occur-
ring primarily where warm, humid conditions exist during the growing
season. All common cultivated and wild species of grape as well as a few
hosts outside the Vitis species are susceptible to this disease (Pearson and
Goheen, 1988). Unseasonal rains coupled with higher temperatures during
vegetative phase in grape also result in damage due to this disease.
1.3.6 SHIFTING OF PRODUCTION ZONES
Concurrently, climate change is shifting the habitat range of plants and an-
imals (Pereira et al., 2010), including agricultural crops. For example, as
average global temperatures increase, plant and animal populations may
move to new latitudes with more favorable climates. The crops, which are
productive in one area may no longer be so or the other way around.
Following issues will result in shifting of production zones due to
changing climate effect:
• Changes in time to harvest for some crops and locations.
• Changes in the suitability and availability of cultivars for current and
future production locations.
• Reduced availability and increased cost of irrigation water in most
locations and in some seasons.
• Greater seasonal variability.
Search WWH ::




Custom Search