Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
at the beginning of the growing season, and earlier and faster disease epi-
demics. Increase in CO
2
level also result in greater fungal spore production
and may induce physiological changes to the host plant that can increase
host resistance to pathogens (Coakley et al., 1999) In Eastern Plateau and
Hill region also realizes the alteration of environments, some agricultural
crops like wise tuber and bulb crops will certainly fetched higher yield
than today's some reports also indicated that the size of tuber increased
due to elevated temperature and CO
2.
Moreover, the exponential trends
of transportation and human activities may acts synergistically with tem-
perature (Anderson et al., 2004; Epstein, 2001). Moreover, the stripe rusts
of wheat spreading which is closely associated with changes in rainfall
patterns. Spore germination of
Puccinia
increases with increasing tem-
perature, as well as root rot pathogens also reproduces disease inoculums
quickly. Due to rising temperature it has realizes the incidence of powdery
mildew appears much earlier where they occurs very late (observed data).
It has been realizes that the elevated CO
2
increases the activities of bio-
trophic and nectrotrophic pathogens and the resultants the disease severity
increased drastically as well as it would influences the phytopathogenic
infection of crop plants. In rice, enhanced susceptibility to
Magnaporthe
oryzae
under elevated CO
2
was attributed to lower leaf silicon content
(Kobayashi et al., 2006). In soyabean elevated CO
2
increased incidence
of
Septoria
brown spot but reduced downy mildew (Garrett et al., 2006;
Eastburn et al., 2010).
15.6 IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON DISEASE
MANAGEMENT PRACTICES
Physiological changes in host plants may result in higher disease resis-
tance under climate change scenarios, but due to more rapid disease cycles
there is a greater chance of pathogens evolving to overcome host plant
resistance. With increased CO
2
, moisture, and temperature, fungicide and
bactericide efficacy may change. Systemic fungicides could be affected
negatively by physiological changes that slow uptake rates, such as small-
er stomatal opening or thicker epicuticular waxes in crop plants grown
under higher temperatures. These same fungicides could be affected pos-
itively by increased plant metabolic rates that could increase fungicide
uptake. The more frequent rainfall events predicted by climate change
models could result in farmers finding it difficult to keep residues of contact
