Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
conditions ( ex vitro ), which hinders its commercial application. Inocula-
tion of AMF to the roots of micropropagated plantlets plays a beneficial
role on their posttransplanting performance (Rai, 2005, Kapoor et al.,
2008). It has been reported that bio-hardening of micropropagated plant-
lets with AMF improves plant performance and plays a significant role in
ensuring better health of plantlets. Several plants of floricultural, horticul-
tural and forest tree species have been found effective. Acclimatization
phase is the beginning of autotrophic existence of the plant, with the initia-
tion of physiological processes necessary for survival. During acclimatiza-
tion, the plantlets must increase absorption of water and minerals as well
as the photosynthetic rate. AMF are well known to increase the vigor of
plants by increasing absorption of water and mineral nutrients, especially
phosphorus. Moreover, AMF can protect host plants from root pathogens
and mitigate the effects of extreme variations in temperature, pH and wa-
ter stress. Successful AMF inoculation at the beginning of acclimatization
period or even during in vitro conditions and in vivo propagation has been
demonstrated (Tables 14.5 and 14.6 ) .
TABLE 14.5
AMF as Bio-Hardening Agent for Tissue Culture Raised Plants
Crop
AMF + bioagent
Beneficial effect
Reference
Strawberry cvs. Senga
Sengana and Jonsok
Mixed AMF
Low fertilizer dependent
Vestberg et
al. (2000)
Lemon ( Citrus limon
(L.) Burm. 'Zagara
Bianca'
Glomus mosseae
and mixed strains
Improved survival, and
root development
Quatrini et
al. (2003)
Grape rootstocks SO4,
Paulsen 1103
Glomus etunicatum
and
Scutellospora
heterogama
Improved survival, growth
and nutritional status
Anzanello
et al.
(2011)
Grape ( Vitis vinifera L.)
Glomus mosseae
Improved survival, im-
proved physiological and
nutritional status, higher
relative water content and
photosynthetic rate, higher
N, P, Mg and Fe
Krishna et
al. (2005,
2006)
 
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