Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
the health and environmental risks of NPs is largely lacking. Inhalation
of NPs has been associated with oxidative stress, inflammation, fibro-
sis, multifocal granulomatous inflammation and pneumonia, free radical
production, reduced cell viability, induction of apoptosis, and subpleural
fibrosis, some of which exhibit dose-dependent behavior. NPs can enter
cells by diffusion through cell wall membrane as well as through endocy-
tosis and adhesion. The size distribution of NPs is very important in terms
of toxicity in biological system. For example, 20-nm NPs were found to
deposit mostly in the alveolar region, whereas, 5 to 10 nm particles depos-
ited in tracheobronchial region, and particles smaller that 10 nm accumu-
late mostly in the upper respiratory tract. More research efforts are needed
to focus on understanding, (1) the form, route, and mass of NPs entering
in the human body, (2) the transformation and ultimate fate of NPs inside
human body, (3) the transport, distribution and bio-availability, and (4)
biochemical response to NPs and their expression.
KEYWORDS
Biosafety
Coating
Nano particles
Plant
Stability
Zeta potential
REFERENCES
Adhikari, Tapan, Kundu, S., Biswas, A. K., Ajay & Subba Rao, A. (2009). Stability of Plant
Nutrient Containing Nano-Particles in Aqueous System and their Assimilation by Plants. Na-
tional Seminar on Developments in Soil Science-2009. Platinum Jubilee Symposium on Soil
Science in Meeting the Challenges of Food Security and Environmental Quality. Dec. 22-25,
ISSS, New Delhi, 62.
American Society of Testing and Materials. (1985). Zeta Potential of Colloids in Water and
Waste Water, ASTM Standard D 4187-82 ASTM, West Conshohocken, PA.
Baalousha, M., Manciulea, A., Cumberland, S., Kendall, K., & Lead, J. R. (2008). Aggregation
of Surface Properties of Iron oxide Nano-particles, Influence of pH and Natural Organic Mat-
ter, Environ. Toxicol. Chem., 27, 1875-1882.
 
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