Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
TABLE 9.3
Size of Nano-Particles in Aqueous System
Nano particles
Distribution in different fraction
10%
40%
50%
Zinc Oxide (<100 nm)
<109.10 nm
109.10-188.00 nm
188.00-325.40 nm
Cu- oxide (<50 nm)
<126.70 nm
126.70-185.90 nm
185.90-275.80 nm
Iron Oxide <100 nm)
<97.80 nm
97.80-176.20 nm
176.20-310.10 nm
H- Apatite (<200 nm)
75.40 nm
75.40-145.60 nm
145.60-283.50 nm
Cu, Fe, Zn Oxide (<100
nm)
116.90 nm
116.90-195.20 nm
195.20-360.80 nm
TCP (<200 nm)))
92.30 nm
92.30-232.20 nm
232.20-616.10 nm
TABLE 9.4
Effect of Zeta Potential on Colloidal Stability (Adapted from American
Society for Testing and Materials, 1985)
Zeta Potential (mV)
Stability Behavior of Colloids
From 0 to ± 5
Rapid coagulation or flocculation
From ± 10 to ± 30
Incipient instability
From ± 30 to ± 40
Moderate stability
From ± 40 to ± 60
Good stability
More than ± 61
Excellent stability
Table 9.5.
Reported Point of Zero Charges (pzc) for Several Engineered Nanomaterials
Nanoparticles
Particle size (nm)
pH
pzc
References
TiO
2
15
5.2
Zhang et al. (2008)
Fe
2
O
3
9.2
9.1
Baalousha et al. (2008)
Fe
2
O
3
<10
8
IIIes and Tombacz (2006)
Al
2
O
3
60
7.9
Ghosh et al. (2008)
ZnO
50-70
9.2
Zhang et al. (2008)
SiO
2
10
1.8
Zhang et al. (2008)
NiO
10-20
9.1
Zhang et al. (2008)
MnO
2
50
2.4
Feitosa-Felizzola et al. (2009)
CeO2
157.4
>7.0
Necula et al. (2007)
