Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
carbonic acid and oxygen. Besides, carbon dioxide dissolves in waters
of the rivers, ponds, lakes and even oceans up to a critical point, where it
attains an equilibrium with that in the atmosphere. The carbonic acid so
formed is a powerful input in weathering processes of rocks and minerals.
As a consequence, such weathering yields very specific bicarbonate ions,
which often contributes to the formation of limestone beds mostly in the
ocean floor. The process of weathering is promoted by warmer tempera-
tures. More photosynthesis may cause additional acidity in the system. As
explained by the US agency (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Admin-
istration), the chemistry of ocean acidification is well understood with the
three concepts: (i) more CO
2
in the atmosphere means more CO
2
in the
ocean (ii) atmospheric CO
2
is dissolved in the ocean, which becomes more
acidic and (iii) resulting changes in the chemistry of the oceans disrupts
the ability of plants and animals in the sea to make shells and skeletons of
calcium carbonate, while dissolving shells already formed.
8.2.4 BIOLOGICAL SPECTRUM
The biological spectrum is the indicator of the existence of earth's atmo-
sphere as well as life. The biodiversity has thus balancing trend with cli-
mate change. Extinction of many living races is indicative of the chang-
ing trend of earth's climate. New genes and species are emerging due to
environmental factors both at macro and microlevels. There must be a
reference point to begin with such complex biological system. Soil science
has a big role to stimulate such biological management. Global soil biodi-
versity is now-a-days becoming priority to understand soil quality even.
Voluminous reports are available for reference.
Many field trials across the globe indicate that organic manure compared to
mineral fertilization is promoting the soil organic carbon and accordingly seques-
tering large amounts of carbon
from the atmosphere to the soil. Lower emission
of greenhouse gasses during crop production and enhanced carbon sequestration
coupled with additional outcome of biodiversity makes the organic farming a
boon towards combating the challenges of climate change.
8.2.5 ANTHROPOGENIC SPECTRUM
