Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
ABSTRACT
The global climate change is an extraordinary complex phenomenon in
earth's atmosphere. The challenges associated with its change cannot be
tackled in isolation, but through integrated efforts, taking all six spectra
together for developing the strategic planning. Logically framed six spec-
tra are planetary physical, EM-nuclear, chemical, biological, pedogenic
and anthropogenic spectra. Soil is rather the lowest boundary of the entire
earth's atmosphere excluding the portions covered by oceans. The global
climate change is either natural or man-made or evens both. The man-
made challenges are manageable with participatory commitments in a
planned way on site-specific basis through human intervention, pedogenic
exploitation, etc. On soil surface, the role of conservation agriculture as
well as horticultural community is of special interest to minimize green-
house gas emission and for promoting the soil carbon stock. High-density
orchards with proper soil management options may be a powerful mitiga-
tion option. Microorganisms may play vital role in synthesizing biofuels
and C-sequestration. However, there are controversies in defining each
spectrum in terms of mitigation.
8.1 INTRODUCTION
The combination of oceanic and atmospheric circulation virtually forms
the global climate mainly by redistribution of heat and moisture. As a con-
sequence, the areas surrounding the tropics are warm and relatively wet al-
most round the year, whereas in temperate regions, variation in solar input
causes seasonal change. In the north hemisphere, such events may involve
pronounced changes in temperature, whereas in the South hemisphere
lands are located close to equator and majority of land surface is covered
with water. The global climatic patterns are typically dynamic, where they
are continually changing in response to solar radiation, atmospheric green-
house gas concentrations and other related factors. The earth's elliptical or-
bit round the sun does shift under the influence of gravitational pull among
the planets in solar system. The climate may be the average of weather
condition, but for common understanding, it is the product of multicompo-
nent and multidirectional interactions associated with interplanetary and
extraterrestrial forces, which do form primarily the six distinctive spectra
