Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
ing zone. Integrated nutrient management based on soil and leaf nutrient
standards for sustainable production has been worked out and timely es-
sential practices have been focused on the regulation of the trees vegeta-
tive growth by physical and chemical means. Growth regulators are ap-
plied to discourage winter flushing in favor of flower initiation, high fruit
set and fruit bearing leading to high yield and quality fruit production.
Under proper conditions the litchi tree develops rapidly, has an extensive
root system and will eventually reach a great age. On the other hand, if the
soil is only 2-4 ft. deep, underlaid hard pan, or has a high water table, the
trees will grow slowly, become stunted and will yield poor fruits. The key
factors to consider when assessing the potential of different areas for litchi
are temperatures in winter that affect flower initiation, temperatures and
light levels in spring which affect fruit set and reliability of rainfall which
affects fruit development. A deep, well-drained, nonsaline calcareous soils
with proper texture, fertility and high organic matter have been found most
suitable for this crop. After the fruits are harvested, the trees are regularly
irrigated with water to maintain soil and require a dry period to phase
change for panicle emergence. So the duration from end of rainy season to
initiating of dry or stress condition, must stop supplying irrigation/water
for the tree. After stages of fruit set and fruit development period, the tree
should be steadily irrigated.
Normally temperatures below 20°C induce flowers, while flowering
is irregular at higher temperatures. A short drought period in winter assist
flowering, especially in the more tropical cultivars, but is not essential.
Annual rainfall of 1200 to 1500 mm is probably required in the absence
of irrigation. The other critical part of the crop cycle is fruit set that is
reduced when temperatures fall below 20°C for extended periods during
flowering. Occurrence of high temperature and water stress during fruiting
period, especially in the lower elevation may give rise to many physiologi-
cal disorders (many excessive drop and cracking of fruits), leading to total
economic loss.
6.3.2 AWARENESS TO CLIMATE CHANGE
An awareness of climate change grows, so too will the demand for in-
formation and technologies that anticipate its impact. So will adoption
level increase will enhance potential and production of quality produce by
