Geology Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 15-1
Volume of Water per Gram Based
on Temperature
A
[1]
Temperature
Volume of Water,
°C
°F
mL/g
12
53.6
1.00048
14
57.2
1.00073
16
60.8
1.00103
18
64.4
1.00138
20
68.0
1.00177
22
71.6
1.00221
24
75.2
1.00268
26
78.8
1.00320
28
82.4
1.00375
30
86.0
1.00435
32
89.6
1.00497
A
Values other than shown may be obtained by re-
ferring to
Handbook of Chemistry and Physics,
Chemical Rubber Publishing Co., Cleveland, OH.
PROCEDURE
As explained in Chapter 14, the general procedure for determining in-
place soil density/unit weight is to obtain the mass/weight and volume
of an in-place soil sample, from which the density/unit weight can be
computed. In the rubber-balloon method, a quantity of soil is removed
from the ground or compacted fill. The mass/weight of the removed soil
is determined directly, whereas its volume is found by measuring the
volume of water required to fill the hole.
The actual step-by-step procedure is as follows (ASTM D 2167-94
Reapproved 2001 [1]):
(1) Prepare the surface at the test location so that it is reasonably
plane and level. Dependent on the water (moisture) content and
texture of the soil, the surface may be leveled using a bulldozer or
other heavy equipment blades, provided the test area is not deformed,
compressed, torn, or otherwise disturbed.
(2) Assemble the base plate and rubber balloon apparatus on the
test location. Using the same pressure and surcharge determined
during the calibration of the apparatus, take an initial reading on
the volume indicator and record. The base plate shall remain in
place through completion of the test.
(3) Remove the apparatus from the test hole location. Using
spoons, trowels, and other tools necessary, dig a hole within the
base plate. Exercise care in digging the test hole so that soil around
the top edge of the hole is not disturbed. The test hole shall be of
the minimum volume shown in Table 15-2 based on the maximum
Search WWH ::
Custom Search