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15. My friend and colleague Harry Jerison (1973, 1991), who is a giant in brain
evolution, calls this the “principle of proper mass.”
16. Welker and Campos 1963.
17. Felleman et al. 1983; Pubols and Pubols 1971.
18. Falk 1982.
19. Falk 1981.
20. Falk 2004a.
21. Tobias 2006, 135.
22. Dart 1925a.
23. Dart with Craig 1959, 10.
24. Dart 1925a, 195.
25. Dart with Craig 1959, 17.
26. Dart 1925a, 199.
27. Darwin 1871.
28. Dart with Craig 1959, 16.
29. Dart with Craig 1959, 17.
30. In the words of Phillip Tobias and as will be discussed in the next chap-
ter, the discovery of Taung was “premature.” See Tobias 1996.
31. Dart with Craig 1959, 17.
32. Tobias 1984, 33.
33. Dart with Craig 1959, 23.
34. Dart with Craig 1959, 23.
35. Wheelhouse and Smithford 2001, 70; Dart with Craig 1959, 33.
36. Tobias 1984, 36.
37. South Africa has an extraordinary fossil record of natural endocasts from
various animals because of its propitious geological conditions (e.g., lots of lime).
38. Dart 1929, 154.
39. Although essentially he got it right, today we know that Dart estimated
a bit high on Taung's cranial capacity and estimate of what would have been
its adult size. Taung's cranial capacity was about 382 cm 3 , which was within the
chimp range, and it would have reached an adult value of about 406 cm 3 (Falk
and Clarke 2007).
40. Dart 1925a, 197-98.
41. Although it does not affect the discussion here, Elliot Smith's assumption
about this particular sulcus in humans turned out to be erroneous, as detailed
in chapter 4.
42. Dart 1925a; Smith 1903, 1904a,b.
43. Dart 1925a, 198.
 
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