Biomedical Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Low MLPA peak areas : The quantity of a probe amplification product is primarily
determined by the target sequence of the probe. MLPA probes located in guanine- and
cytosine-rich areas often have difficulty reaching their target due to incomplete denatura-
tion of the DNA. Better results may be obtained with these MLPA mixes by increasing
the length of the initial denaturation step to 98 C for 10min. The probe signals are
further influenced by the quality of the probe oligonucleotides and the amount of KCl
and polymerase present during the PCR reaction. The polymerase activity may influence
the relative signal strength of some probes; therefore, mixing the master mix well by
pipetting up and down is strongly advised. It is also possible that the DNA input was too
low. This is likely if the average signal of the four DQ (DNA quality) fragments is less
than one-third of the ligation-dependent peak signal.
References
1. Kallioniemi, A., Kallioniemi, O.P., Sudar, D. et al . (1992) Comparative genomic hybridization for
molecular cytogenetic analysis of solid tumors. Science , 258 , 818-821. The original publication
describing CGH.
2. Kallioniemi, O.P., Kallioniemi, A., Piper, J. et al . (1994) Optimizing comparative genomic
hybridization for analysis of DNA sequence copy number changes in solid tumors. Genes Chro-
mosomes Cancer , 10 , 231-243.
3. Oostlander, A.E., Meijer, G.A. and Ylstra, B. (2004) Microarray-based comparative genomic
hybridization and its applications in human genetics. Clinical Genetics , 66 , 488-495.
4. Solinas-Toldo, S., Lampel, S., Stilgenbauer, S. et al . (1997) Matrix-based comparative genomic
hybridization: biochips to screen for genomic imbalances. Genes Chromosomes Cancer , 20 ,
399-407.
5. Pinkel, D., Segraves, R., Sudar, D. et al . (1998) High resolution analysis of DNA copy number
variation using comparative genomic hybridization to microarrays. Nature Genetics , 20 , 207-211.
The original publication describing microarray CGH.
6. Ylstra, B., van den IJssel, P., Carvalho, B. et al . (2006) BAC to the future! or oligonucleotides: a
perspective for micro array comparative genomic hybridization (array CGH). Nucleic Acids Res. ,
34 , 445-450. Review of microarray CGH platforms.
7. Schouten, J.P., McElgunn, C.J., Waaijer, R. et al . (2002) Relative quantification of 40 nucleic
acid sequences by multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification. Nucleic Acids Res. , 30 , e57.
The original publication describing MLPA.
8. Snijders, A.M., Nowak, N., Segraves, R. et al . (2001) Assembly of microarrays for genome-wide
measurement of DNA copy number. Nature Genetics , 29 , 263-264.
9. Ishkanian, A.S., Malloff, C.A., Watson, S.K. et al . (2004) Nature Genetics , 36 , 299-303.
10. Pollack, J.R., Perou, C.M., Alizadeh, A.A. et al . (1999) Genome-wide analysis of DNA
copy-number changes using cDNA microarrays. Nature Genetics , 23 , 41-46.
11. Coe, B.P., Ylstra, B., Carvalho, B. et al . (2007) Resolving the resolution of array CGH. Genomics ,
89 , 647-653. Interesting paper on algorithms dealing with the resolution of diverse microarray
CGH platforms.
12. Serth, J., Kuczyk, M.A., Paeslack, U. et al . (2000) Quantitation of DNA extracted after micro-
preparation of cells from frozen and formalin-fixed tissue sections. American Journal of Pathology ,
156 , 1189-1196.
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