Database Reference
In-Depth Information
Glossary
Aggregate object set. A relationship among object sets itself viewed as an object
set.
Anomalies. Inconsistencies or errors resulting from manipulating data in random
tables containing redundant data. Three types of anomalies are encountered:
update, deletion, and addition.
API (application programming interface). A functional interface, usually supplied
by the operating system, that allows one application program to communicate
with another program. APIs are generally implemented through function calls.
Application developer. A DBMS component that enables the creation of an appli-
cation with menus, toolbars, forms, and reports.
ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Exchange). A standard code,
consisting of a set of seven-bit coded characters, used for information exchange
between computers and communication systems.
Atomic transaction. A transaction in which either all database actions are executed
completely, or no actions are executed at all.
Attribute. An intrinsic or inherent characteristic of an entity that is of interest to
an organization.
Authentication. Determination and verification of the identity of a user.
Authorization. Granting of privileges to users for accessing the database based on
the established security policy of an organization.
Backward engineering. The mechanism in CASE tools to obtain the logical data
model from the physical data model of a certain database.
Backward recovery. Method used to back out or undo unwanted changes to the
database. The database is restored to an earlier, consistent state.
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