Database Reference
In-Depth Information
DATA
PROCESS
Data Modeler
Data Modeler
Database Designer
Systems Analyst
Semantic Data Model
Conventional Data Model
Process Design
Database Administrator
Programmer Analyst
Systems Analyst
PROGRAMS/
QUERIES
DATABASE
Figure 4-7
Data and process: design and development roles.
of earlier file-oriented systems was much simpler. Here are some of the major
challenges:
•
The database is more open to everyone in the organization than the separate
files in the earlier data systems. Openness and information sharing necessitate
better control of security. The database system must be made secure by pre-
venting unauthorized access by insiders and outsiders. Only authorized users
must be allowed to use relevant portions of the database system.
•
In a database environment, many users may be attempting to access and update
the same data elements simultaneously. This is likely to cause erroneous
updates and compromised data integrity. Preserving data integrity in a data-
base system is a big challenge.
•
If the database system is crucial for an organization, then it should be available
to users at all times when they need information. The database system must
provide uninterrupted service with no unscheduled downtime. Whenever hard-
ware or software malfunctions occur, the database must be restored to a stable
state and become available for use quickly.
•
In a dynamic business environment, changes happen all the time. The database
system must be amenable to such changes. If business conditions warrant newer
elements of data, the database must accommodate changes and additions to the
data structures. If the number of database transactions increases and more
users begin to access the database, the system must be able to scale up.
Who is responsible for management and control of the database system?
Although user representatives and database practitioners share the responsibility
to some extent, the database administrator bears the primary responsibility. In
smaller organizations, one person may assume the role of database administration.
In larger organizations, an entire group of professionals perform the database
administration function. Here is a brief list of the management and control func-
tions carried out by the administrators:
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