Agriculture Reference
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gestating animals, respectively. In summary, feed restriction as of 90 days of age in
growing gilts hinders mammary development and there are indications that supplying
the phytoestrogen genistein or increasing concentrations of prolactin stimulate
mammogenesis. In gestation, the essential role of relaxin and prolactin for mammary
development was demonstrated, however, it is not known if exogenous administration
of these hormones would stimulate mammogenesis. Nutritional studies in gestation
mainly showed negative effects, whereby over-feeding energy or using feed restriction
followed by over-feeding reduced parenchymal mass. Management during lactation, such
as altering the number of glands suckled and the duration of suckling of these glands,
also affects mammary development at the end of lactation and teat use in first-parity will
increase its productivity and development in the subsequent lactation. It is obvious from
our current knowledge that the ideal feeding regimes to optimize mammary development
of growing, pregnant and lactating gilts or sows have yet to be developed.
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