Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
3.3.9
Indoor versus outdoor housing
Outdoor housing (Figure 3.4) is an option in warm or temperate climates and on sites
with light, free-draining soil and not too much rainfall (<750 mm). Feed is distributed
per group on the ground or in simple troughs. Sows are grouped according to parity and
body condition. In cold weather, extra feed will be needed in comparison with indoor
systems, and unfrozen water should also be available. Sows are often kept in groups of
5-20 per paddock (15-20 animals/ha) with huts providing shelter and deep straw bedding
for a suitable micro climate. Additional shade and shelter is necessary to prevent sunburn.
The paddocks are generally separated by electric fencing, normally comprising of two
wire strands 200 mm and 500 mm above the ground. Water is provided daily in troughs
and sows can make their own wallow. Sows may be served indoors, or run with a group
of boars or may be introduced to a specific boar paddock. Outdoor systems often cost
less per sow place but require dedicated and skilled stockpersons and management
(EUWelNet FactSheet B, 2013).
3.4
Conclusions
Group housing of sows is a viable alternative to individual housing in gestation stalls.
There are several key success factors. First of all, the choice of the group housing system
needs to meet the specific requirements of the farmer in terms of level of control, financial
investment, labour requirement, and desired level of health and welfare of the animals.
Secondly, the design of the building and pens in which the sows are kept should facilitate
appropriate lying, feeding and dunging behaviour to avoid behavioural problems and
poor health. Thirdly, the feeding system should allow undisturbed feeding, providing each
sow with the right amount of food to promote a good body condition and reproductive
Figure 3.4. Grazing sows in an outdoor housing system.
