Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
16.4.2
Effects of conjugated linoleic acid on sow and piglet performance
It has been shown that dietary CLA supplementation during lactation results in colostrum
and milk enrichment in CLA, therefore allowing access of CLA isomers to suckling
piglets (Bee, 2000a). Bee (2000b) observed that piglets reared on sows fed CLA during
pregnancy and lactation grew faster in the post-weaning period. CLA supplementation
in sow diets during the late gestation and lactation stages also increased body weight of
piglets at weaning (Corino
et al.
, 2009). However, some studies reported no differences
in the performance (feed intake, weight loss, or body condition scores) of sows fed CLA
isomers from 7 or 8 d before parturition until weaning (Bontempo
et al.
, 2004; Corino
et al.
, 2009), or from 40 or 75 d of gestation through weaning on d 28 (Poulos
et al.,
2004). Other studies also showed no improvement in the growth rate of piglets born
from sows fed supplemental CLA during gestation and throughout lactation (Bontempo
et al.
, 2004; Patterson
et al.
, 2008; Peng
et al.
, 2010; Poulos
et al.
, 2004). Krogh
et al.
(2012) observed that colostrum yield and piglet performance were reduced but milk
yield was stimulated by dietary inclusion of 1.3% CLA (cis-9, trans-11 and trans-10,
cis-12). In addition, 1% CLA administration was reported to reduce the loss of backfat
thickness in sows during the lactation period and to lead to greater piglet weights at
weaning (Cordero
et al.
, 2011). However, this was in contrast with findings of Park
et al.
(2005) that dietary supplementation of CLA from d 15 pre-mating to weaning tended to
lower backfat thickness of sows and weights of piglets at birth or weaning, or findings of
Harrell
et al.
(2002) showing that piglet and litter weights, as well as sow's body weight
and backfat changes were not affected by dietary CLA fed from d 5 to 20 of lactation.
16.4.3
Effects of conjugated linoleic acid on fatty acid profiles of sows
and piglets
The intake of CLA during lactation modifies milk FA composition. Supplementation
of sows' diets with CLA during gestation and lactation increased the concentrations
of total saturated fatty acid (SFA) but had no effect on the total monounsaturated fatty
acids (MUFA) in milk (Bee, 2000a; Peng
et al.
, 2010). Schmid
et al.
(2008) showed
that alpine butter, which is rich in CLA, positively affects the CLA content of sow
milk without leading to milk fat depression or altering the composition of total SFA,
MUFA and PUFA. Moreover, numerous direct effects were attributed to CLA in terms
of enzymatic activities involved in lipid metabolism, changes in milk FA composition,
and markedly decreasing the total content and yield of milk fat (Bontempo
et al.,
2004;
Cordero
et al.
, 2011). Harrel
et al.
(2002) found that milk fat was lowered by 36% with
the addition of 1% CLA to a diet that was supplemented from d 5 post-farrowing to
weaning. The number of FA altered by dietary CLA inclusion and the magnitude of the
alterations were greater for milk than for colostrum lipids (Cordero
et al.
, 2011). he
body composition of offspring may be altered by manipulating maternal CLA intake.
Maternal CLA supplementation during gestation and lactation increased total SFA and
decreased total MUFA and LA concentrations in the backfat of neonatal and weanling
piglets (Peng
et al.
, 2010). Peng
et al.
(2010) demonstrated that CLA inclusion in the
gestation and lactation diet of the dam altered plasma FA composition of piglets at birth
more than at weaning. CLA supplementation of sow diets increased the concentrations
