Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 6.1. Energy composition of common grain and supplemental fat sources for gestating and lactating
sow diets (NRC, 2012).
Grains and source of fats and oils
Energy content (kcal/kg)
Starch (%)
Digestible energy
Metabolizable energy
Net energy
Grains
Barley
3,150
3,073
2,327
50.2
Corn
3,451
3,395
2,672
63.0
Oats
2,627
2,551
1,893
39.0
Sorghum
3,596
3,532
2,780
70.0
Wheat
3,313
3,215
2,472
59.5
Animal fats
Beef tallow
7,995
7,835
6,895
0
Choice white grease
8,290
8,124
7,149
0
Lard
8,288
8,123
7,148
0
Vegetable oils
Corn
8,754
8,579
7,549
0
Soybean
8,749
8,574
7,545
0
Animal-vegetable blend
1
8,393
8,225
7,238
0
DDGS >10% oil
2
3,620
3,434
2,384
6.7
DDGS >6 and <9% oil
2
3,582
3,396
2,343
9.6
DDGS <4% oil
2
3,291
3,102
2,009
10.0
1
25% lard, 25% poultry fat, 25% tallow and 25% corn oil.
2
DDGS: distillers dried grains with soubles.
6.3.4
Applying dietary energy needs to requirements
Suggested daily effective ME intakes, as well as feed intakes based on corn and soybean
meal-based diets containing 3,300 kcal effective ME/kg are presented in Table 6.2 and 6.3
for gestating and lactating sows, respectively. For gestating sows these recommendations
are made for two subsequent periods in order to accommodate the increased energy
requirements for conceptus growth during late gestation. The values in Table 6.2 for
parity 4+ sows demonstrate the impact of sow body weight on energy requirements,
which is a reflection of the close relationship between sow body weight and maintenance
energy requirements, and of the large contribution of maintenance energy requirements
to daily energy requirements of gestating sows. The effect of parity on the composition
of maternal body weight gain is also of interest. With increasing parity the contribution
of body fat gain to maternal body weight gain increases, requiring more energy per unit
of maternal body weight gain. For practical feeding management, these determinants
of energy requirements, including the thermal environment, should be considered, and
feeding levels may be adjusted for individual sows to achieve a targeted body condition
at farrowing.
