Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
2.4 Mango Waste: A Case Study
Mango waste represents an interesting and currently under-utilised resource for
feedstocks chemicals. Mango is known as the 'king of fruits' in certain areas [85]
and is becoming increasingly important as an exported crop to the western world
due to its rising popularity [86]. It had a global production of around 39 million
tonnes in 2010, which represents nearly a four-fold increase in production over
the last 50 years (Figure 2.5) [87, 88].
The mango fruit is a large (2.5 to >30 cm) fleshy drupe weighing up to 1 kg,
consisting of a woody endocarp, an edible mesocarp and a thick exocarp [85].
Most of the mango produced in the world is eaten fresh with 1-2% made into
juices, concentrates, jams and so on [89]. The processing of mango yields 35-60%
waste product by weight with peel being 16-30% and the kernel/bean being
10-30% of the total fruit weight [90, 91]. With current global production of over
40 million tonnes this translates to over 14 million tonnes of waste generated per
annum, representing significant scope for the development of techniques for
valorising mango waste.
Mango waste is a rich source of chemicals [92-94], for example mangiferin
19
[95] and quercetin 3-
O
-galactoside
20
[96], lipids and fatty acids, such as stearic
21,
oleic
22
and palmitic acid
23
[97].
45.00
40.00
35.00
30.00
25.00
20.00
15.00
10.00
5.00
0.00
1960
1970
1980
1990
2000
2010
Year
Figure 2.5
Global mango production from 1961 to 2011 [88].
