Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
China (25%)
India (23%)
USA (13%)
India (54%)
Bangladesh (42%)
India (49%)
Vietnam (26%)
Brasil (69%)
Kenya (7%)
France (23%)
Belarus (20%)
Russia (19%)
China (97%)
Philippines (65%)
Ecuador (33%)
Indonesia (55%)
Thailand (45%)
China (30%)
Korea (27%)
Cotton
Jute
Coir
Sisal
Flax
Ramie
Abaca
KapokHemp
Figure 6.11
Production (in metric tons) of some plant fibres. Source: FAO (http://faostat.fao.
org/).
Table 6.2
Characteristics of the most common plant fibres
Linen
Ramie
Hemp
Jute
Sisal
Coconut
Cotton
Density (g cm
-3
)
1.54
1.56
1.07
1.44
1.45
1.15
1.5-1.6
Cellulose
content (%)
64-71
83
78
61-71
67-78
43
87-99
Microfibril
angle (
°
)
10
7.5
6.2
8
20
45
Diameter (
µ
m)
5-76
16-126
10-51
25-200
7-47
12-24
10-20
Length (mm)
4-77
40-250
5-55
0.8-8
0.3-1
10-55
Shape factor
(L/D)
1700
3500
960
110
100
35
2000
Modulus of
elasticity (GPa)
12-85
60-130
35
25-30
9-21
4-6
5-13
Elongation at
break (
%
)
1-4
1.2-3.8
1.6
1.5-1.8
3-7
15-40
7-8
Strength at break
(MPa)
600-2000
400-1000
390
390-770
350-700
130-175
290-600
6.2.3.1
Cotton
Cotton is a soft fibre that grows around the seeds of the cotton plant (
Gossypium
spp.) and practically all of the commercial cotton grown today worldwide comes
from the American species
Gossypium hirsutum
and
Gossypium barbadense.
