Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 4.6
Triglyceride platform products from the chemical modification of triglycerides.
Starting oil
Modification
Modified triglyceride product
Linseed oil (same
reaction applicable
to all unsaturated
vegetable oils) [211]
Epoxidation
O
O
G
O
7
7
Soybean oil (same
reaction applicable
to all unsaturated
vegetable oils) [212]
Epoxidation
O
OH
Methanolysis
G
O
7
6
O
Soybean oil (same
reaction applicable
to all unsaturated
vegetable oils)
[213, 214]
Hydroformylation
OH
Hydrogenation
O
G
O
7
8
High oleic
sunflower oil (same
reaction applicable
to other high
mono-unsaturated
oils) [215]
Metathesis
(acrylate)
O
O
G
O
O
7
Soybean oil (same
reaction applicable
to all unsaturated
vegetable oils)
[216, 217]
Pericyclic
reaction (ene)
O
O
O
O
G
O
7
5
Castor oil (same
reaction possible on
hydroxylated
vegetable oils) [207]
Esterification
O
R
R=CO
2
H (maleate) or H (acrylate)
O
O
G
O
7
5
G: glycerol moiety and two more fatty acid chains, these fatty acids either being the same or different from
the fatty acid shown in detail
Historically, surfactants are the chemicals most widely produced from triglyc-
erides, though the increasing demand for biodiesel over the last few decades has
seen this become the most predominant product from vegetable oils [218]. Both
soaps and biodiesel are examples of the route to chemicals from triglycerides via
