Environmental Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Butadiene
2-butene
Isobutene
Isomerization
Isomerization
Oxidation
Alkylate gasoline
Polybutylene
Butylene oxide
Sec-butanol
Hydrogenation
Butane
Dehydration
O
O
Oxidation
+
Drop-in biofuel
OH
H
OH
Butanal
Butanoic acid
Derivatives
O
O
O
O
O
O
Butyl acetate
Butyl acrylate
Butyl methacrylate
HO
O
O
O
Dibutyl ether
Butylvinyl ether
Butyl cellosolve
O
O
O
O
O
NH2
HO
O
Butyl paraben
Butyl amine
Butyl phthalate
Figure 4.16
n-Butanol as a platform molecule.
simple approach to reducing butanol concentration without affecting culture,
intermediates or other components of the medium [201].
n -Butanol has fuel properties that are superior to those of ethanol: it is less vola-
tile, has a higher volumetric energy content and, unlike ethanol, gasoline-butanol
blends do not separate in the presence of water. The octane number of n -butanol
is 87, which is equivalent to that of commercial gasoline; spark-ignition engines
can utilise gasoline-butanol blends in any proportion up to B100, without modifi-
cation. Additionally, existing ethanol capacity can be cost-effectively retrofitted to
biobutanol production. Butanol is therefore poised to become the 'new ethanol'.
The advantages of butanol as a biofuel are mirrored in its versatility as a
chemical intermediate [202]. As shown in Figure 4.16, butanol can be derivatised
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