Computational Model for Water Hammer Disaster - Advances in Control and Automation of Water Systems - page 154

Z = elevation (m)
Hp = surge wave head at pipeline points- intersection points of characteristic lines (m)
Vp = surge wave velocity at pipeline points- intersection points of characteristic lines
(m/s)
G = gravitational acceleration constant (m/s2)
Vri = surge wave velocity at right hand side of intersection points of characteristic
lines (m/s)
Hri = surge wave head at right hand side of intersection points of characteristic lines
(m)
Vle = surge wave velocity at left hand side of intersection points of characteristic lines
(m/s)
Hle = surge wave head at left hand side of intersection points of characteristic lines
(m)
C‾ = characteristic lines with negative slope
C+ = characteristic lines with positive slope
Min = Minimum
Max = Maximum
Lab = Laboratory
9.1 introduction
This chapter presents the application of computational performance of a numerical
method by a dynamic model. The model has been presented by method of the Eulerian
based expressed in a method of characteristics (MOC). It has been defined by finite
difference form for heterogeneous model with varying state in the system. Present
work offered MOC as a computational approach from theory to practice in numerical
analysis modeling. Therefore, it is computationally efficient for transient flow irre-
versibility prediction in a practical case. In this work reclamation numerical analysis
modeling showed the lining method as the best construction way for reclamation of
damaged water transmission line.
Irreversibility as a fluid dynamics phenomenon is an important case study about
heterogeneous model with varying state within the system for designer engineers. Wa-
ter hammer as an effect of irreversibility of fluid is a pressure surge or wave. It is
generated by the kinetic energy of a fluid in motion when it is forced to stop or change
direction suddenly [1]. The majority of pressure transients in water and waste water
systems are the result of changes at system boundaries. It is revealed typically at the
upstream and downstream ends of the system or at highest points of water transmis-
sion line. Consequently, Results of present work reduce the risk of system damage
or failure. With proper analysis it determines the system's default dynamic response.
Design of protection equipment helps to control transient energy. It specifies operational
procedures to avoid transients [2]. Various methods have been developed to solve
transient flow in pipes. These ranges are included from approximate equations