Geology Reference
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Figure 5.24 Example of re-worked epiclastic boulder bed below a lava flow,
from Iceland. Rounded clasts of coarse pebble/boulders are interbedded with
coarse epiclastic sandstones.
Lahar
A water-propelled
volcanogenic mudflow,
consisting of reworked
material
TYPES OF VOLCANIC
LITHIC MASS FLOWS
Debris avalanche
Gravity-driven fragmen-
tal flow of reworked
material arising from
gravitational collapse of
a volcanic edifice: no
hot juvenile material or
water lubrication
Nuée ardente
Block-and-ash flow
of hot, juvenile lava
clasts (with ash
cloud), usually from
a collapsing lava
dome
hot
Temperature
Figure 5.25 Continuum between debris avalanche and lahar. Hotter dome
collapse resulting in block and ash flows (nuee ardent) is also indicated.
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