Image Processing Reference
In-Depth Information
made significant contributions to ISO . More recently, TC has published the KNXnet/IP
(EN -) and LonWorks (EN ) communication protocols.
CENELEC
∗
TC (HBES) oversees the EN series, a standard for all aspects of HBES
tightly coupled to KNX. In addition, it considers matters of EMC (electromagnetic compatibility)
and electrical and functional safety.
ISO/IEC JTC SC WG
†
(Information Technology, Home Electronic System) focuses on the
standardization of control communication within homes. WG has elected to include various com-
munication protocols in its ISO/IEC series, starting with KNX, but with the intent for others
such as LonTalk and ECHONET to follow. In addition, it is working on interoperability guidelines
(ISO/IEC ) and a residential gateway (ISO/IEC ). Despite its focus on the home envi-
ronment, the scope of WG does not exclude commercial buildings. This especially concerns its
interoperability guidelines [] when considering field level functions.
29.6 Conclusion and Outlook
Building automation can increase comfort and decrease energy consumption at the same time.
A trend towards further decentralization of intelligence and flexible allocation of system functionality
to devices can be seen to emerge. Open communication standards rise in importance.
While the individual levels (field, automation, management) were clearly associated with physi-
cal devices in the past, these devices now often implement functions belonging to multiple levels.
Also, these functions are more flexibly distributed today. Intelligent field devices are not the only
example; for instance, it would equally be possible to place trend server functionality in routers in a
distributed way.
The intelligent building of the future cannot be realized without increased convergence and fusion
of IT and BAS. However, this is not feasible if individual data points are taken as the starting point
due to the excessive effort required. Thus, domain-specific functions (e.g., HVAC control) at first
and, in the following, complex global functions involving multiple trades and application domains
(e.g., energy management, or building performance monitoring) must be defined and standardized.
Efforts in this direction are undertaken, among others, by the oBIX community.
Today, hardly any of the data gathered during the construction phase (in particular, information
about the building structure) are reused in BAS, although they are already present in machine read-
able form—often even using standardized specification frameworks, such as the Industry Foundation
Classes []. Tapping this resource for BAS engineering and operation purposes certainly would be
of benefit.
Another aim that needs to be pursued in parallel is to not only integrate systems that currently
operate stand-alone at the management level, but also bring them together on a single, common
control network.
For example, the state of doors and windows is of importance to both the HVAC system (to avoid
heating or cooling leakage to the outdoor environment) and the security system (to ensure proper
intrusion protection at night). Also, motion detectors can provide intrusion detection at night and
automatic control of lights during business hours. Such common use of sensors in multiple control
domains can reduce investment and operational cost. Control information can also be derived from
CCTV imagery through image processing techniques. For example, presence detection and people
counting for better HVAC or elevator control can be achieved this way. As another benefit, the state
∗
Comité Européen de Normalisation Electrotechnique, European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization.
†
ISO/International Electrotechnical Commission Joint Technical Committee , Subcommittee , Working Group .
