Image Processing Reference
In-Depth Information
20
Fieldbus Systems: Embedded
Networks for Automation
. Introduction .........................................
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. WhatIsaFieldbus?...................................
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. History...............................................
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Roots of Industrial Networks
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Evolution of Fieldbusses
. CommunicationFundamentals—heOSIModel ....
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Layer Structure
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Communication Services
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Quality-of-Service Parameters
. FieldbusCharacteristics..............................
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Traffic Characteristics and Requirements
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Fieldbus Systems
and the OSI Model
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Network Topologies
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Medium Access
Control
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Communication Paradigms
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Above the OSI
Layers—Interoperability and Profiles
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Fieldbus
Management
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Quest for Unification—The NOAH
Approach
. Networking Networks—Interconnection in
HeterogeneousEnvironments........................
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Protocol Tunneling
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Gateways
. IndustrialEthernet—heNewFieldbus ..............
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. AspectsforFutureEvolution .........................
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. Appendix ............................................
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References .................................................
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Thilo Sauter
Austrian Academy of Sciences
20.1 Introduction
Few developments have changed the face of automation so profoundly as the introduction of
networks did. Especially, fieldbus systems—networks devised for the lowest levels of the automation
hierarchy—had an enormous influence on the flexibility and performance of modern automation
systems in all application areas. However, fieldbus systems were not the result of some “divine
spark,” but they emerged in a continuous and often cumbersome evolution process. Today, many
applications areas are unthinkable without them: factory automation, distributed process control,
building and home automation, substation automation and more generally energy distribution,
but also in-vehicle networking, railway applications, and avionics. All these fields heavily rely
on the availability of appropriate networks accounting for the special demands of the individual
application.
