Image Processing Reference
In-Depth Information
6
Resource-Aware Localization
in Sensor Networks
.
Introduction .........................................
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. DistanceEstimation..................................
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Time of Arrival
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Time Difference of Arrival
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Round Trip
Time
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Symmetric Double-Sided Two-Way Ranging
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Hop Count
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Lighthouse Localization System
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hree/Two
Neighbor Algorithm
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Neighborhood Intersection
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Received Signal Strength
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Minimal Transmission Range
. PositioningSystemsandLocalizationAlgorithms ....
Frank Reichenbach
ABB Corporate Research
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Positioning and Navigation Systems
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Design Considerations
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Algorithm Classification
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Classical
Methods
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Proximity-Based Techniques
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Optimization
Methods
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Iterative Methods
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Pattern Matching Techniques
. Conclusions..........................................
Jan Blumenthal
SYSGO AG
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Dirk Timmermann
University of Rostock
References .................................................
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6.1 Introduction
Manually placing hundreds or thousands of tiny sensor nodes over a large area can be cost and time
intensive. hus, deploying nodes by plane or a mobile vehicle can be an adequate alternative, instead
of a precise placement of each sensor node in a well-defined infrastructure. However, this implies
a random distribution process, due to for instance uncontrollable natural influences like wind or
flight direction of the plane. For this reason, the location of every sensor node is initially unknown.
Moreover, nodes can be mobile whereas the position is time-dependent, too. he estimation of node
positions is highly desirable because
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Sensor measurements without location information are useless.
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Knowledge of positions allows energy-efficient geographic routing methods without
route discovery.
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Basic processes in sensor networks like self-organization or self-healing can be applied
very efficiently with position information.
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Obstacles can be found and consequently bypassed easily.
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Often, the position of a sensor node itself is the demanded parameter, e.g., in applications
with target tracking, where sensor nodes are attached to a moving phenomenon.
