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where a
, and P T is the desired end-of-period synchronization probability. he ARSP
is also lightweight and provides some tunable service such as changing the desired end-of-period
synchronization probability and increasing the maximum synchronization error allowed.
In summary, the above mentioned timing techniques may be used for different types of applica-
tions; each of them has its own benefits. All of these techniques try to address the factors influencing
time synchronization while design according to the challenges as described in Section .. Depending
on the types of services required by the applications or the hardware limitation of the sensor nodes,
some of these timing techniques may be applied.
>
, 
<
b
<
5.6 Conclusions
he design challenges and factors influencing time synchronization for sensor networks are described
in Sections . and ., respectively. They are to provide guidelines for developing time synchro-
nization protocols. The requirements of sensor networks are different from traditional distributed
computer systems. As a result, new types of timing techniques are required to address the specific
needs of the applications. hese techniques are described in Section .. Since the range of applica-
tions in the sensor networks is wide, new timing techniques are encouraged for different types of
applications. his is to provide optimized schemes tailored for unique environments and purposes.
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