The Capture and Diffusion of Knowledge Spillovers: The Influence of the Position of Cities in a Network - Methods for Multilevel Analysis and Visualisation of Geographical Networks - page 181

Fig. 11.6 Relay-cities tend to act as interfaces: scale of activity and degree of specialization
(Source: NBIC-Euro, Comin , 2009 )
1 Ålesund, Barcelone, Budapest, Mytilène, 2 Aachen, Bologne, Brest, Bristol, Cannes, Chel-
tenham, Florence, Genève, Haïfa, Hambourg, Linz, Louvain, Lulea, Marseille, Nijmegen, Umeå,
Va r s o v i e , 3 Arnhem, Belfast, Bergamo, Bolzano, Bremerhaven, Cardiff, Dijon, Grenoble, Han-
nover, Herning, Kingston, Lille, Limerick, Magdeburg, Manchester, Nancy, Nice, Padoue, Porto,
Rostock, Seville, Southampton, Stockholm, Strasbourg, Stuttgart, Trondheim, West-Midlands
(Birmingham), 4 Brème, Glasgow, Mannheim, Oxford, Riga, Tilburg, Mayence, 5 Edinburgh,
Lisbonne, Madrid, 6 Prague, Essen, Torbay, 7 Bari, Faro, Gand, Leicester, Oslo, 8 Va l e n c e
(Espagne), 9 Montpellier, Rome, Tyneside (Newcastle), Zaragoza, 10 Brunswick, Cambridge,
Cologne, 11 Göteborg, Norwich
within the European urban system through the European-scale integration of cities
for R&D activities in the most innovative economic sectors of the present time.
References
Berge, C. (1958). The theory of graph . New-York: Dover Publications.
Besussi, E. (2006). Mapping European research networks (Tech. Rep. Nos. Working Papers Series,
Paper 103). CASA.
Boschma, R. (2005). Proximity and innovation: A critical assessment. Regional Studies, 39 (1),
61-74.