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to be refined: vessels over 2,000 TEUs often operate on longer-distance services
(e.g., pendulum, round-the-world), while lighter vessels tend to operate on intrare-
gional services (e.g., barging, feeder). The present analysis has mixed together
different sizes of vessels, which in the end may have blurred the geographical logic
behind the vessel movements. Second, because liner shipping is operated as a scale-
free network - whether it is analyzed through direct or indirect linkages - it would be
interesting to make use of other types of vessels carrying commodities such as bulks
or general cargo, for which hub-and-spoke strategies do not apply. Therefore, bulk
and general cargo shipping tend to overlap better with trade routes and commercial
patterns. Third, as mentioned above, excluding hub ports from the analysis would
permit a better appreciation of the trade continuum among ports of the world and
possibly provide better results in terms of clustering and small-world analysis.
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