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In Depth Tutorials and Information
8.3.4 Phases of Argument-Based Sociotechnical
Negotiation Process
8.3.4.1 Pre-Negotiation: Task Proposal Modeling
and Conflict Identification
he goal of the pre-negotiation phase is to identify all potential conflicts by check-
ing the differences between task implementation proposals, and help the stake-
holders decide whether to negotiate on the identified conflicts. For example, in the
task “Define quality attributes,” team members often have different views. Product
managers may suggest performance as the most important attribute, while engi-
neers may argue that security and maintainability is most important for the long
run. Meanwhile, engineering managers may believe that versatility is critical, allow-
ing possible future options for migrating the engineering system to a variety of plat-
forms. We will use this example to explain how to capture and organize relevant
information in this section. here are three speciic steps in this pre-negotiation
phase of our collaborative negotiation approach.
8.3.4.1.1 Step 1—Identify the Stakeholders
Participating in the Engineering Team
Stakeholders are those engineering team members who have an interest in the pro-
cess and/or outcome of the decisions (i.e., integration implementations) and may
directly or indirectly participate in the negotiation process.
8.3.4.1.2 Step 2—Prescribe a Baseline Design Process
A baseline systems integration process is defined as a series of necessary technical
task-work that must be undertaken by the team to design an engineering solution.
Our approach takes this design process as the baseline to start with. his process
and its associated standard design task-works are generally predefined based on the
domain practices or chosen for the stakeholders by management. Also in this step,
the engineering organization must set up common goals for the team to achieve
and define a set of shared values that all team members follow during the design
activities. Goals and values set the direction for the design team to identify and
define their decision objectives in the negotiation phase.
8.3.4.1.3 Step 3—Ask Stakeholders to Implement the Design Tasks
and Check the Difference in Their Implementation Details
Although stakeholders jointly work on the design tasks according to the baseline
process prescribed previously, due to their divergent background, interest, expe-
rience, and expertise, they will undoubtedly come up with different technical
decisions when proposing implementations for these tasks. In our approach, the
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