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distance in IC patients. Inhibition of adenosine uptake by cilostazol may also
contribute to its efficacy and safety. While PDE3 inhibition is still being pursued
for the treatment of IC, improved treatment in the future may result from pharma-
cological targeting of multiple pathways. Finally, an optimal pharmacological
treatment should relieve both the symptoms of IC and reduce cardiovascular
morbidity and mortality.
Acknowledgments We thank Dr. Narendra Tandon for assisting the preparation of this article.
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