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(a)
250
A533 B class 1 steel
210
170
10
μ m
130
90
50
250
350
450
Temperature, K
550
650
750
200
(b)
A533B class 1 steel
100
Unirr.
Irr.
0
300
400
500
600
Temperature, K
￿ ￿ ￿ ￿ ￿ ￿
1.24 (a) Fracture toughness vs test temperature in A533B steel
depicting the effect of DSA as a dip in the upper shelf energy 33 ; (b)
effect of neutron irradiation on temperature variation of fracture
toughness for A533B steel in the upper shelf regime. 33
alloys on the other hand resist void formation albeit undergoing stress-free
radiation growth due to the inherent crystallographic texture with preferred
crystallographic orientation developed during the thermo-mechanical pro-
cessing of thin-walled tubing used to clad nuclear fuel (UO 2 ). Radiation
exposure of single crystal Zr exhibits elongated a-axis with decreased c-axis
thereby the single crystal becomes short and fat (Fig . 1.25a) mainly due to
the formation of interstitial <a> loops on prism (
{
}
1010 ) planes albeit the
volume is unchanged. Cladding tubes typically exhibit preferred orientations
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