Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
Hybrid (A)
Variant (B)
Year (C)
Average
2010
2011
2012
Asketa
1
3.90
3.45
3.35
3.57
2
2.54
2.25
2.30
2.36
3
0.53
0.45
0.35
0.44
Average
2.32
2.05
2.00
2.12
Gazeta
1
3.75
3.50
3.25
3.50
2
2.75
2.34
2.00
2.36
3
0.50
0.28
0.53
0.44
Average
2.33
2.04
1.93
2.10
Total average 1
4.47
3.92
3.84
4.08
Total average 2
3.20
2.88
2.78
2.95
Total average 3
1.15
0.89
0.94
0.99
Total average
2.94
2.56
2.52
2.67
LSD 0,05
A - 0.43
B - 0.42
A- 0.41
B- 0.33
A - 0.49
B - 0.27
A - 0.47
B - 0.46
C - 0.28
LSD 0,01
A - 0.56
B - 0.55
A - 0.54
B - 0.43
A - 0.64
B - 0.36
A - 0.62
B - 0.60
C - 0.37
The highest leaf damages were during the humid year 2010 with an average grade for all
hybrids and treatments of about 2.94. In 2010 the average grade on the variant without
fungicide application was 4.47 and 1.15 on the variant with three fungicide applications. The
grades on variant 1 ranged in that year from 3.75 (hybrid Gazeta) to 5.0 (hybrids Giraf and
Sandor), to 4.75 (non tolerant hybrid Belinda) respectively. At the same time, grades on
variant 3 ranged from 0.50 (hybrid Gazeta) to 2.75 (hybrid Giraf), while the grade of sensitive
hybrid Belinda was below 1.75. Already these data show the insufficient tolerance of today's
hybrids to sugar beet leaf disease caused by Cercospora beticola Sacc. in climates with warm
and humid summers and the incorrect labeling of tolerance which cannot be accepted in
practice. The lowest leaf damages were achieved in dry 2012 with an average grade of 2.52 in
a range from 3.13 (Colonia KWS) to 4.35 (Giraf) on the variant without fungicide application
and in range from 0.35 (Asketa) to 1.63 (Elvis) on the variant with three fungicide
applications.
Within the research, hybrid Giraf was the most sensitive hybrid to leaf disease caused by
C. beticola Sacc., whereby hybrids Gazeta and Asketa showed significantly higher tolarance
compared to other hybrids. However, the tolerance of these hybrids is still insufficient under
such weather conditions, so the application of fungicides in sugar beet production is still an
obligatory measure. Furthermore, achieved results show that the declared tolerance of hybrids
is not accurate which is proved by the fact that hybrid Belinda, as the only sensitive hybrid,
did not show more leaf damages compared to some hybrids declared as tolerant.
D ISCUSSION
Weather conditions during vegetation have considerable effects on the growth and
development of sugar beets, but also on infections, incubation period and sporulation of
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