Civil Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
This nominal maximum shear stress occurs at the centre of the long edge of the
flange. A similar value may be calculated for the opposite edge, but the actual
stressesnearthispointareincreasedbecauseofthere-entrantcorneratthejunction
of the web and flange.An approximate estimate of the stress concentration factor
can be made by using Figure 10.7b with
r
t = 12.7
15.6 = 0.81.
Thus the actual local maximum stress is approximately τ t , max = 1.7 × 79.0 =
134 N/mm 2 .
10.9.4 Example 4 - elastic warping shear and normal stresses
Problem. Forthecantileverofexample3,determinethemaximumelasticwarping
shear and normal stresses.
Solution. The maximum warping shear stress τ w occurs at the fixed end ( x = 0)
of the cantilever (see Section 10.8.5) where the uniform torque is zero. Thus the
total torque there is resisted only by the warping torque, and so
V f = T / d f ,
where V f is the flange shear (see Section 10.8.2).The shear stresses in the flange
vary parabolically (see Figure 10.24b), and so
τ w , max = 1.5 V f
b f t f .
Thus
τ w , max = 1.5 × ( 5 × 10 6 )/ 517.5
209.3 × 15.6
N/mm 2 = 4.4 N/mm 2 .
The maximum warping normal stress σ w occurs where d 2 φ /d x 2 is a maximum
(seeequation10.37).Anexpressionford 2 φ /d x 2 canbeobtainedfromthesolution
in Section 10.8.5 for φ ,
( e ( x 2 L )/ a + e x / a )
( 1 + e 2 L / a )
d 2 φ
d x 2 =
T
aGI t
whence
.
The maximum value of this occurs at the fixed end x = 0 and is given by
d 2 φ
d x 2
( 1 e 2 L / a )
( 1 + e 2 L / a )
T
aGI t
=
max
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