Civil Engineering Reference
In-Depth Information
Needs
Constraints
Objectives
Definition of the problem
Overall system
Structural system
Other systems
Invention of alternatives
Preliminary design
Structural design
Loads
Analysis
Proportioning
Other design
Effectiveness
Safety and serviceability
Economy
Harmony
Preliminary evaluation
Selection
Modification
Final design
Structural design
Other design
Final evaluation
Drawings
Specification
Documentation
Tendering
Construction and
supervision
Certification
Execution
Use
Figure 1.4
The overall design process.
and any authorities from whom permissions and approvals must be obtained.
Aset of objectives can then be specified, which if met, will ensure the successful
solution of the overall design problem.
The second step is to invent a number of alternative overall systems and their
associated structural systems which appear to meet the objectives. In doing so,
the designer may use personal knowledge and experience or that which can be
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