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their way of life, especially in agriculture. By 1810, however, a split erupted
between Creek tribes, separating them into two factions. One tribe, the Red Sticks,
believed in Indian nationalism and feared the growing expansion of white settle-
ments into the South. In 1813 a group of Red Sticks were told erroneously that
war had broken out between the United States and the Creek Nation. Upon hear-
ing this, the Red Sticks attacked and murdered several frontier families.
A Creek tribal council captured, convicted, and executed those who were in-
volved in the murders, but Red Stick Chief Menawa vowed to eliminate everyone
connected with the executions and remove white influences on the region. And
with that, the Creek War began.
A monument to the Battle of Horseshoe Bend
Battles were fought throughout the region. General Andrew Jackson was in
charge of US forces, but despite outnumbering the Creeks in every battle, Jackson
could not bring a decisive end to the war. The situation became worse in July
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