Graphics Reference
In-Depth Information
Pictographs and icons are useful because they communicate information quickly. It is
important to note that some symbolic icons may be dependent on cultural reference
and so could be misunderstood in certain countries. An example is the trefoil symbol
that indicates radioactivity, which has been mistaken for a propeller.
Diagrams
Diagrams are plans, sketches or drawings that are designed to demonstrate or explain
how something works. They can be used as instructions or visual aids to communicate
complex pieces of information. They are often used to convey or clarify the rela-
tionships between the different parts of a whole. These are early versions of what
we would now call 'infographics'. The information designer may choose to use dia-
grams to communicate a message without the need for text or minimal captions.
When designing for an international audience or one with varying levels of literacy,
a diagrammatic approach may be of more use. The lack of text negates the need for
translation.
Diagrams are often used to communicate step-bystep instructions. They are more ef-
fective than photographs, as the designer can focus the viewer's attention on partic-
ular elements by editing out unnecessary details and backgrounds. Simplified repres-
entations are conveyed through plain line drawings. The number of steps used will
depend on how complicated the information is. The designer can highlight and en-
large details to draw attention to them; this can provide clarity that may not be avail-
able with the use of photography. An example of this would be the use of instructions
to construct flat-pack furniture. The instructions would rely on the use of simplified
sequential drawings with numerical steps that show the construction of various com-
ponents at certain stages.
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