Geography Reference
In-Depth Information
becomes less important than other sources of income, such as wages associated with
public employment, retirement pensions, social benefits, or non-resident income,
secondary residents, tourists, etc. According to this theory, the real opportunity for
local development is not simply to create wealth, but to capture as much of it as
possible in the form of payments for services and transfer payments. This theory is
not generally followed in the United States, although there are genuine local
development strategies based on a residential developments designed to attract
wealthy retirees (see
Sun City
).
Reverse migration
: Refers to the migration of African-American from the
industrial Northeast back South. The process has been observed since the 1980s.
Rust Belt
: The Rust Belt generally refers to the area surrounding Lake Erie,
especially in Ohio and Pennsylvania where industrial restructuring has been most
prominent.
S
Sagebrush Rebellion
: Beginning in the 1960s, driven by restrictive practices on
the part of federal agencies, the legitimacy of the federal ownership of protected
areas has been questioned in several the states of the West. Some pressure groups
argue that these undeveloped lands are a brake on regional development and
represent a loss of tax revenues to states like Nevada, where 90% of the land is
federal property. Others argue that federal lands are poorly managed and that
environmental protection is better served by local governments. In general, critics
agree that the pervasiveness of federal interests interferes with state autonomy, and
limits their ability to plan and manage their own development. Thus, in 1970, local
governments in Nevada and Arizona claimed that the federal government should
relinquish its 2.4 million hectares of managed lands. Following rejection of this
request, the Nevada legislature in 1978 passed a resolution calling for the transfer of
all federal lands and public forests to the state. The resolution was rejected as
unconstitutional by the Supreme Court. Similar attempts were undertaken by the
Utah Congressional delegation between 1979 and 1981. This “rebellion” lost its
edge when the Reagan administration discontinued support for environmental
protection policies and relaxed conditions for farming, mining, and logging on
federal lands.
Saphir Simpson scale
: The Saphir Simpson scale proposes a classification of
hurricanes based on wind speed: Category 1, winds from 118 to 153 km/h; Category
