Agriculture Reference
In-Depth Information
A
NTI
-O
XIDANT
,
A
NTI
-I
NFLAMMATORY
AND
I
MMUNOMODULATING
P
ROPERTIES
OF AN
E
NZYMATIC
P
ROTEIN
H
YDROLYSATE
FROM
Y
ELLOW
F
IELD
P
EA
S
EEDS
Enzymatic hydrolyzates of yellow field pea seed protein displayed potent
anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial activities. The antioxidant
and anti-inflammatory properties were examined in lipopolysaccharide/
interferon-γ-activated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Pea protein hydrolysate
suppressed nitric oxide production and secretion of pro-inflammatory
cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-α- and interleukin-6. Feeding of pea protein
hydrolysate to mice promoted phagocytotic activity of peritoneal macrophages
and the intestinal mucosa immune response. The number of IgA+ cells in the
small intestine lamina propria, and the number of interferon -γ+, interleukin-
4+, and interleukin-10+ cells increased. IL-6 secretion by small intestine
epithelial cells (IEC) was enhanced. Pea protein hydrolyzate might have
augmented secretion of interleukin-6 in small intestine epithelial cells by
stimulating toll-like receptors (TLRs) family, especially TLR2 and TLR4
because both antibodies against TLR2 and antibodies against TLR4 eliminated
interleukin-6 secretion induced by pea protein hydrolyzate (Ndiaye et al.,
2012).
L
EGUME
C
ONSUMPTION
I
S
I
NVERSELY
A
SSOCIATED
WITH
F
ASTING
S
ERUM
C
ONCENTRATIONS OF
A
DHESION
M
OLECULES AND
I
NFLAMMATORY
B
IOMARKERS
In a cross-sectional study carried out by Esmaillzadeh and Azadbakht
(2012), a dietitian administered validated semiquantitative food frequency
questionnaires to 486 Tehrani female teachers for estimation of dietary legume
consumption calculated by summing up the consumption of peas, lentils,
chickpeas, various beans including broad beans, and chickling vetch. Fasting
blood samples were collected for determining serum levels of inflammatory
biomarkers and adhesion molecules. Subjects found in the highest tertile of
legume consumption had lower serum concentrations of soluble vascular cell
adhesion molecule-1 soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1, and E-selectin
compared with those in the lowest tertile. A high legume intake was associated
