Geology Reference
In-Depth Information
Table 9.1 Delta class for the 16 largest rivers with annual sediment load larger than 100 million tons (based on data of Milliman
and Syvitski 19 92 )
Sediment load
(million tons/year)
Spring tidal
range (m)
Rank
River
Country
Delta class
1
Amazon
Brazil
1,200
4.9
T
2
Huanghe (Yellow)
China
1,100
1.13
R to R/W
3
Ganges-Brahmaputra
Bangladesh
1,060
3.63
T
4
Changjiang (Yangtze)
China
480
3.66
T
5
Mississippi
USA
400(210) a
0.43 (M)
R to R/W
6
Irrawaddy
Burma
260
2.71
T
7
Indus
Pakistan
250(59) a
2.62
T/W
8
Magdalena
Colombia
220
1.1
R/W
9
Godavari
India
170
1.2
W
10
Mekong
Vietnam
160
3.2
T/W
11
Orinoco
Venezuela
150
1.77
W/R/T
12
Song Hong (Red)
Vietnam
130
3.2
T-W
13
Narmada
India
125
9.0 (Max)
T
14
Colorado
USA
120(0.1) a
8.0 (Max)
T
15
Nile
Egypt
120(0) a
0.43
W
16
Fly
PNG
115
3.8
T
a 400(210): sediment load before and after river damming
M mean tidal range, Max maximum tidal range, R river-dominated, T tide-dominated, W wave-dominated, T-W subequal wave and
tidal domination, R/W river-dominated and wave-modified, PNG Papua New Guinea
Fig. 9.7 Distribution patterns
of mean tidal range, major
tidal flow tracts
in the Qiangtangjiang
Estuary-Hangzhou Bay
In some dry regions, the higher part of tidal flats
support only scant vegetation where salt pans can be
well developed with sediment having higher concen-
tration of evaporate minerals, like the Colorado Delta
in the Northern Gulf of California (Thompson 1968,
1975 ; Meckel 1975 ). The vegetated flats usually grade
landward into deltaic/chenier plains with little relief,
which range from a few 100 m to over tens of kilometers
in width, depending on the sediment supply. For example,
the Holocene North Jiangsu coastal plain is more than
 
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