Geology Reference
In-Depth Information
states: active transgression, during which all shorelines
within the estuary experience net erosion as a result of
wave action in the outer part, and channel-bank scour
in the inner reaches, as the estuarine funnel translates
landward; and progradational filling when the rate of
sediment input from fluvial and marine sources exceeds
the rate of creation of accommodation as a result of
sea-level rise. The transition between these two states
begins in the inner part of the estuary and migrates sea-
ward as filling progresses; many modern estuaries are
part way through this transition, and show continued
erosion in their outer part, while their inner margins
prograde. Any human activity that alters the sediment
supply (e.g. the building of dams in inland areas, or
breakwaters and training walls at the estuary mouth),
the propagation of the tidal wave (e.g. dredging, the
construction of impermeable causeways), or the space
available for sediment accumulation (e.g. marsh recla-
mation) has predictable consequences when viewed in
this general context.
Although much has been learned in recent years
about the stratigraphy of the deposits of tide-dominated
estuaries (see Chap. 6), much less is known about the
detailed nature of the facies within them. The discov-
ery that fluid mud is a common occurrence within the
channels beneath the turbidity maximum has been a
significant addition to the criteria for interpreting estu-
arine (and deltaic) deposits, but much remains to be
done to refine our ability to determine where in the
fluvial-marine transition a given deposit in an ancient
succession might have formed.
Allen JRL, Duffy MJ (1998) Temporal and spatial depositional
patterns in the Severn estuary, southwestern Britain: inter-
tidal studies at spring-neap and seasonal scales, 1991-1993.
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bedforms: a new look at an old problem. J Sediment Petol
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patterns, sediment transport and channel morphology in a
small macrotidal estuary: Dipper Harbour Creek, New
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Barwis JH (1978) Sedimentology of some South Carolina tidal-
creek point bars, and a comparison with their fluvial counter-
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Catuneanu O (2006) Principles of sequence stratigraphy.
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Chaumillon E, Weber N (2006) Spatial variability of modern
incised valleys on the French Atlantic coast: comparison
between the Charente and the Lay-Sèvre incised valleys. In:
Dalrymple RW, Leckie DA, Tillman RW (eds) Incised val-
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Society for Sedimentary Geology, Tulsa, pp 57-85
Choi KS (2010) Rhythmic climbing-ripple cross-lamination in
inclined heterolithic stratification (IHS) of a macrotidal estu-
arine channel, Gomso Bay, west coast of Korea. Jour Sed
Res 80:550-561
Cooper NJ, Cooper T, Burd F (2001) 25 years of salt marsh ero-
sion in Essex: Implications for coastal defence and nature
conservation. J Coast Conserv 7:31-40
Dalrymple RW (1984) Morphology and internal structure of
sandwaves in the Bay of Fundy. Sedimentology 3:365-382
Dalrymple RW (2006) Incised valleys in space and time: an
introduction to the volume and an examination of the con-
trols on valley formation and filling. In: Dalrymple RW,
Leckie DA, Tillman RW (eds) Incised valleys in space and
time. SEPM special publications 85. Society for Sedimentary
Geology, Tulsa, pp 5-12
Dalrymple RW (2010a) Introduction to siliciclastic facies mod-
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Geological Association of Canada, St. John's, pp 59-72
Dalrymple RW (2010b) Tidal depositional systems. In: James
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